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PIR Dialogue Course
Archives |
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Home
Dialogue Courses
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Courses listed here are examples
of the new courses offered that particular semester |
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Spring 2007 |
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EOL 199 - Exploring Asian American
Identities
This dialogue course encourages a deeper examination of what it means
to be Asian American in current society, drawing from the popular press,
images & media from pop culture, current events, reports from college
campuses, autobiography, and psychology and sociology. It will explore
race, racial identity, and issues of social justice as they relate to
Asian American identities, including ethnicity, language, nationality,
gender, sexual orientation, biracial, multiracial, and trans-racial
adoptee identities. |
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Spring 2006 |
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EOL 199
Exploring Whiteness
When are you white?
This class introduces students to the
origins and meanings of whiteness in the United States. The focus
of the class is to explore whiteness as a social, cultural and political
construct that goes beyond racial classification and ethnic identity.
This course will explore the societal mechanisms that institutionalize
whiteness as social capital as well as the benefits and costs of white
privilege. This course is open to students from all racial
classifications.
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Fall 2005 |
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EOL 199 - Exploring Sexual Orientation
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Offering
all students an experience to explore and examine the range of sexual
orientations through selected readings and dialogue with other students.
Course encourages students’ individual development and understanding of what
their sexual orientation means for them and their relationships with others.
Course will address the complexity of sexual orientation that incorporates
social, cultural, institutional, and political factors. Readings,
dialogue, and class activities serve to facilitate students’ increased
self-awareness and understanding as well as an increased awareness and
understanding of the impact of sexual orientation in daily life. |
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EOL 199
Greek &
Non-Greek Dialogue
This dialogue will offer students
an opportunity to discuss what it means to be affiliated and/or not
affiliated with a Greek lettered organization on campus and within the
larger American system of higher education. The focus will be on
exploration of ones social identity, student identity and group
memberships; "in-group" and "out-group" dynamics; historical and
contemporary commonalities, differences and conflicts; as well as,
possibilities for intergroup collaboration across longstanding
differences.
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| Fall 2003 |
| EOL 199 - Exploring Sexual
Orientation in a Christian Context - Some Christians believe
that lesbian, gay, and bisexual sexuality is a sin according to the Bible.
Others believe that LGB sexual expression is one aspect of the variety and
goodness of God’s creation. This course will examine and discuss the
history, theology, and societal norms that underpin attitudes about sexual
orientation in the Christian context. The focus of the class includes
exploration of personal, individual identity and social group membership;,
issues of similarities, differences, conflicts, and ways of working
together. The course also considers how other aspects of identity such as
gender, social class, race, and ethnicity intersect with sexual orientation
and Christian identities. |
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EOL
199 - Exploring Disabilities This dialogue will offer students an opportunity
to discuss what disability means on a personal, social and institutional
level in the U.S. The focus will be on the various types of disabilities
that individual’s experience; physically visible and unseen, along with the
type of accommodations available and utilized by individuals with
disabilities. We will look at the interaction between people with and
without disabilities and barriers to that interaction, such as attitude,
physical, etc… Students will also discuss what disabilities have to do with
diversity, and whether or not people with disabilities share a culture that
shapes their experiences and are distinct from that of the majority in the
U.S. This class will also focus on whether or not students with disabilities
are a component when addressing diversity on college campuses and issues
relating to access to education. |
| EOL
199 - Being White in a Multicultural Society Intragroup Dialogue- This
intra-group dialogue course will introduce students to the different aspects of
the white experience by exploring the histories, social contexts, ethnic and class
backgrounds, and ideas that have shaped white people in the United States.
Students will have the opportunity to explore their own heritage, what it means
to be white, particularly in the multicultural society that exists, and how social
justice issues like privilege, discrimination and racism fit in with being white.. |
| EOL
199 - Black Women's Intragroup Dialogue offers a dialogue experience
on issues facing Black women. The
focus will be on expanding
and enriching students' understanding of their experiences and relationships
as they are influenced by various social and historical factors in society.
Students will explore their
commonalities and differences, important issues and conflicts as well as
considerations for building community. |
| EOL
199 - People of Color Intragroup Dialogue- This
course will offer a dialogue experience for People of Color (Asians, Blacks,
Latinos, American Indians, or those classified as non-White). The
focus will be on expanding
and enriching students' understanding of their experiences, their within and
between group relationships, and the ways they are influenced by various social and historical factors in society.
Students will explore their
commonalities and differences, important issues and conflicts as well as
considerations for building community. |
| Spring 2003 |
| EOL 199 - Latina/Latino Dialogue - This course will offer a dialogue
experience for Latinas and Latinos. The focus will be on exploring
and understanding relationships that are influenced by their various social
and historical perspectives. Students will examine commonalities
and differences that exist within this large and diverse group. In addition,
students will dialogue about the important issues and conflicts that face
them and work towards building bridges between them. |
| EOL
199 - Exploring Social Class -introduces students to the concept of social class and to an
exploration of the meaning of social class in the United States. Students have the
opportunity for personal exploration, to understand how different class statuses have
impacted people in the United State. The similarities, differences, and
conflicts arising from class status experiences will also be addressed.
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| Fall 2002 |
| EOL
199 - People of Color & White People Section
A & B offers students a opportunity to dialogue around what race means
on personal, social and institutional levels in the U.S. The focus of the class includes
exploration of individual identity and group membership, issues of
commonalities,
differences, conflicts and ways of working together with and across racial differences.
The course also considers how other aspects of identity such as gender, sexual
orientation, social class and religion intersect with racial identity.
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| EOL 199 - Dialogue in the Global Village
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Interrogate the concepts of
globalization, nationality, multiculturalism in a global context, what
it means to be "American" or "international," and what it means to live
in a "Global Village." One of the main objective of the course is to
disrupt discrete ideas of "us" vs. "them." Readings are both analytical
and personal narrative accounts. Participants are encouraged to adopt a
structural approach to global inequalities, focusing on how global
events affect us on individual, local, national, and international
levels. At the end of the course, participants will be asked to
integrate various views discussed during the course and present
reflective pieces on what it means to members of a "Global Village." |
| EOL 199 - Men and Women
Dialogue Section A & B
explores differences, similarities, and conflicts
between men and women. Students have the opportunity for personal
exploration, to develop a better understanding of where the other group is coming
from, and to examine various historical and current perspectives on gender. (There is
no "male or female bashing" in this course.) |
| EOL 199 - Black Men's Intragroup Dialogue - offers
students a dialogue experience on issues facing Black men. The focus will be
on expanding and enriching students' understanding of their experiences and
relationships as they are influenced by various social and historical
factors in society. Students will explore their commonalities and
differences, important issues and conflicts as well as considerations for
building community |
| EOL
199 - Black Women's Intragroup Dialogue offers a dialogue experience
on issues facing Black women. The
focus will be on expanding
and enriching students' understanding of their experiences and relationships
as they are influenced by various social and historical factors in society.
Students will explore their
commonalities and differences, important issues and conflicts as well as
considerations for building community. |
| EOL
199 - Blacks & Jews intergroup
dialogue
course will explore the participants' cultural identities and
how those identities influences individuals daily life. This course will
examine historic and modern-day interactions of Jews and Blacks, while
addressing stereotypes and misconceptions in an environment that impact
intergroup relations. Open enrollment for this class.
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EOL 199 - Rural,
Urban and Suburban Intergroup Dialogue
This intergroup dialogue course introduces
students to the different aspects of urban, rural, and suburban life.
Students will explore the diversity of experiences, relations, issues and
social contexts that shape these communities, such as the significance of
race, class, gender, politics and sexual orientation |
| EOL 199 - Exploring Religious
Diversity Intergroup Dialogue -
This course offers
students an opportunity to dialogue on issues related to religion. The
focus of the class includes exploration of religious identity and group
memberships, issues of commonalities, differences, conflicts and ways of
working together with and across religious differences. |
| Fall 2002 |
| EOL
199 - People of Color & White People Section
A & B offers students a opportunity to dialogue around what race means
on personal, social and institutional levels in the U.S. The focus of the class includes
exploration of individual identity and group membership, issues of
commonalities,
differences, conflicts and ways of working together with and across racial differences.
The course also considers how other aspects of identity such as gender, sexual
orientation, social class and religion intersect with racial identity.
|
| EOL 199 - Arabs and Jews
in America- This dialogue course introduces
students to the different aspects of Arab-Jewish relations in the United
States by having students explore the histories, social contexts, and
ideas that have shaped their experiences as Arabs or Jews and/or their
relationships to Arabs and Jews. Some attention will be paid to the Middle
East. the course covers four main areas: 1) Historical contexts and
legacies; 2) Exploration of own identities; exploration of how we see
others and how others see us; 3) Impact of social institutions on
identities; 4) Roles and factors in working with and across differences.
Note- This course is an open enrollment dialogue course that is not
limited to just Arabs and Jews.
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| EOL 199 - Dialogue in the Global Village
- offers a dialogue experience where students from the United
States and other countries will be able to share cultural perspectives
regarding mutual interests. The purpose of the dialogue will be to expand
and enrich participants' understanding of themselves and others. Topics for
discussion will be selected by the group from a list provided by the
instructors. The list will include topics such as cultural influences on a
variety of family and social relationships, the role of education and career
in one's life, gender roles, beliefs and values as they impact on lifestyle,
shame, charity, death, etc.
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| EOL 199 -
Culture and Conflict Intergroup Dialogue - 2 credit course, 7 week course
This course is designed to provide students with an
overview of culture, communication, and conflict, and will then focus on
how these constructs interplay in everyday life between and within various
groups. The class will take a closer look at each of these topics to
promote the student’s understanding of culture and conflict at the
personal, interpersonal, and group levels. The course will offer students
experiential and participatory learning in a dialogue setting. We will
also focus on ownership of the concepts presented throughout the semester.
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| EOL 199 - Men and Women
Dialogue explores differences, similarities, and conflicts
between men and women. Students have the opportunity for personal
exploration, to develop a better understanding of where the other group is coming
from, and to examine various historical and current perspectives on gender. (There is
no "male-bashing" in this course.)
|
| EOL
199 - Black Men & Black Women Dialogue- This
course will offer a dialogue experience for Black men and Black women. The
focus will be on expanding
and enriching students' understanding of their experiences and relationships
as they are influenced by various social and historical factors in society.
Students will explore their
commonalities and differences, important issues and conflicts as well as
considerations for building community.
|
| EOL
199 - Light-skinned & Dark-skinned Intergroup Dialogue- This
course offers a unique opportunity to explore one of this country's most
enduring conflicts, "the color line". The dialogue will explore
the role and impact of color identity from several vantage points
including: social, historical, cultural, political, and psychological.
Students will be encouraged to explore their commonalities, differences,
conflicts as well as considerations for reconciling these
communities.
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| EOL
199 - Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Intragroup Dialogue- This
course will explore relationships between men and women in the LGBT
community and how sexism, racism, and homophobia affect these
relationships. We will look at our similarities, differences and
historical and contemporary conflicts through personal sharing,
experiential learning, and scholarly and popular readings. In addition, we
will explore how these issues on a personal level intersect with
institutional and cultural levels.
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| EOL
199 - Interracial Relationships Intergroup Dialogue- This course will offer a dialogue experience surrounding the topic of interracial
relationships. The focus will be on expanding and enriching students’ understanding
of their own experiences in interracial relationships, and how those experiences are
influenced by the historical, social, and cultural context in which they occur.
|
| EOL
199 - Being White in a Multicultural Society Intragroup Dialogue- This
intra-group dialogue course will introduce students to the different aspects of
the white experience by exploring the histories, social contexts, ethnic and class
backgrounds, and ideas that have shaped white people in the United States.
Students will have the opportunity to explore their own heritage, what it means
to be white, particularly in the multicultural society that exists, and how social
justice issues like privilege, discrimination and racism fit in with being white.
|
| Fall 2001 |
| EOL
199 - People of Color & White People Section
A & B offers students a opportunity to dialogue around what race means
on personal, social and institutional levels in the U.S. The focus of the class includes
exploration of individual identity and group membership, issues of
commonalities,
differences, conflicts and ways of working together with and across racial differences.
The course also considers how other aspects of identity such as gender, sexual
orientation, social class and religion intersect with racial identity.
|
| EOL 199 - Arabs and Jews
in America- This dialogue course introduces
students to the different aspects of Arab-Jewish relations in the United
States by having students explore the histories, social contexts, and
ideas that have shaped their experiences as Arabs or Jews and/or their
relationships to Arabs and Jews. Some attention will be paid to the Middle
East. the course covers four main areas: 1) Historical contexts and
legacies; 2) Exploration of own identities; exploration of how we see
others and how others see us; 3) Impact of social institutions on
identities; 4) Roles and factors in working with and across differences.
Note- This course is an open enrollment dialogue course that is not
limited to just Arabs and Jews.
|
| EOL 199 - Dialogue in the Global Village
- offers a dialogue experience where students from the United
States and other countries will be able to share cultural perspectives
regarding mutual interests. The purpose of the dialogue will be to expand
and enrich participants' understanding of themselves and others. Topics for
discussion will be selected by the group from a list provided by the
instructors. The list will include topics such as cultural influences on a
variety of family and social relationships, the role of education and career
in one's life, gender roles, beliefs and values as they impact on lifestyle,
shame, charity, death, etc.
|
| EOL 199 - Women's Intragroup Dialogue
This class is structured as a dialogue group for women from diverse
backgrounds. It explored issues of race, ethnicity, privilege, body image, and
work/career in American Life. Discussion is around commonalities, differences,
and conflicts to build bridges between groups. Students examined narrative,
historical and sociological materials that addressed the different groups experiences
within the U.S. context. They also examined pertinent issues they faced on campus.
|
| EOL 199 - Black Men & Black Women
Dialogue - This
course will offer a dialogue experience for Black men and Black women. The
focus will be on expanding
and enriching students' understanding of their experiences and relationships
as they are influenced by various social and historical factors in society.
Students will explore their
commonalities and differences, important issues and conflicts as well as
considerations for building community. Class
size is limited to 14 students. |
| EOL 199 - Black Men's Intragroup Dialogue - offers
students a dialogue experience on issues facing Black men. The focus will be
on expanding and enriching students' understanding of their experiences and
relationships as they are influenced by various social and historical
factors in society. Students will explore their commonalities and
differences, important issues and conflicts as well as considerations for
building community.
|
|
| Spring 2001 |
| EOL
199 - Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgendered and Heterosexual Intergroup
Dialogue - offers a dialogue experience that
offers a dialogue experience that
introduces students to the history, concepts, beliefs, and impact
of sexual orientation in the United States. Students have the opportunity to
explore their own identities and examine issues of similarities, differences, conflicts,
and community building.
|
| EOL 199 - Rural,
Urban and Suburban |
| EOL 199- Men and
Women |
| EOL 199 -
Lightskinned & Darkskinned |
| EOL 199 - People
of Color & White People
|
| Fall 2000 |
| EOL
199 - Black Men's Intragroup Dialogue offers
students a dialogue experience on issues facing Black men. The focus will be
on expanding and enriching students' understanding of their experiences and
relationships as they are influenced by various social and historical
factors in society. Students will explore their commonalities and
differences, important issues and conflicts as well as considerations for
building community.
|
| EOL
199 - Black Women's Intragroup Dialogue offers a dialogue experience
on issues facing Black women. The
focus will be on expanding
and enriching students' understanding of their experiences and relationships
as they are influenced by various social and historical factors in society.
Students will explore their
commonalities and differences, important issues and conflicts as well as
considerations for building community.
|
| EOL
199 - Dialogue in the Global Village offers a dialogue experience where students from the United
States and other countries will be able to share cultural perspectives
regarding mutual interests. The purpose of the dialogue will be to expand
and enrich participants' understanding of themselves and others. Topics for
discussion will be selected by the group from a list provided by the
instructors. The list will include topics such as cultural influences on a
variety of family and social relationships, the role of education and career
in one's life, gender roles, beliefs and values as they impact on lifestyle,
shame, charity, death, etc.
|
| EOL
199 - Exploring Biracial/Multiracial Identities offers a dialogue
opportunity for students to explore the different concepts, perspectives and
experiences of Biracial and Multiracial identities within the United States.
Students will have an opportunity to personally explore, understand and
describe their understandings of Biracial and Multiracial identities and how
those identities have changed over time. The course will focus on the
implications of those identities for group definitions, personal and
community identities, relationships and culture.
|
 |
| Spring
2000 |
| EOL
199 - International & U.S. Students This
course will offer a dialogue experience where students from the United
States and other countries will be able to share cultural perspectives
regarding mutual interests. The purpose of the dialogue will be to expand
and enrich participants' understanding of themselves and others. Topics for
discussion will be selected by the group from a list provided by the
instructors. The list will include topics such as cultural influences on a
variety of family and social relationships, the role of education and career
in one's life, gender roles, beliefs and values as they impact on lifestyle,
shame, charity, death, etc. Grading will be based on class
attendance/involvement, weekly journal writing and a final project. Class
size is limited to 14 students.
|
| EOL
199 - Black Men & Black Women This
course will offer a dialogue experience for Black men and Black women. The
focus will be on expanding
and enriching students' understanding of their experiences and relationships
as they are influenced by various social and historical factors in society.
Students will explore their
commonalities and differences, important issues and conflicts as well as
considerations for building community. Class
size is limited to 14 students. |
| EOL
199 - Exploring Social Class introduces students to the concept of social class and to an
exploration of the meaning of social class in the United States. Students have the
opportunity for personal exploration, to understand how different class statuses have
impacted people in the United States, and to address similarities, differences, and
conflicts.
|
|
|
| Fall
1999 |
| EOL
199 - People of Color & White People offers students a opportunity to dialogue around what race means
on personal, social and institutional levels in the U.S. The focus of the class includes
exploration of individual identity and group membership, issues of
commonalities,
differences, conflicts and ways of working together with and across racial differences.
The course also considers how other aspects of identity such as gender, sexual
orientation, social class and religion intersect with racial identity.
|
| EOL
199 - Exploring Cultural Diversity is an
overview course that introduces students to a broad
array of diversity and social justice issues through discussion,
interdisciplinary readings, and experiential activities. This
course provides students with a place
to explore and share their own cultural backgrounds; to learn about issues
and concerns related to race, gender, socio-economic class, religion, sexual
orientation, and ability differences; to talk about how diversity and social
justice issues that affect them
on this campus and in society; to explore how cultural differences influence
perceptions and communication; and to begin to
identify strategies for coalition and community building. The structured class structure offers a respectful and safe
environment for all participants.
|
| EOL
199 - Christians & Jews dialogue
course will explore the participants' spiritual and cultural identities and
how those identities influences each student's daily life. This course will
examine historic and modern-day interactions of Jews and Christians, while
addressing stereotypes and misconceptions in an environment that affirms the
right of the individual to his or her beliefs. By participating in a
dialogue on this topic, students will expand their own understandings of
other faiths through readings and classroom activities. Exploration of the
roots and perpetuation of religious based hate crimes will be explored.
Students will be guided in finding common ground in which the two groups can
co-exist. Honesty and sensitivity go hand-in-hand when exploring the
emotionally charged topics covered by this course. |
| EOL 199 -
International & U.S. Students. This
course will offer a dialogue experience where students from the United
States and other countries will be able to share cultural perspectives
regarding mutual interests. The purpose of the dialogue will be to expand
and enrich participants' understanding of themselves and others. Topics
for discussion will be selected by the group from a list provided by the
instructors. The list will include topics such as cultural influences on a
variety of family and social relationships, the role of education and
career in one's life, gender roles, beliefs and values as they impact on
lifestyle, shame, charity, death, etc. Grading will be based on class
attendance/involvement, weekly journal writing and a final project. Class
size is limited to 14 students. |
|
|
| Spring
1999 |
|
LAS
110 -People of Color & White People offers students a opportunity to dialogue around what race means
on personal, social and institutional levels in the U.S. The focus of the class includes
exploration of individual identity and group membership, issues of
commonalities,
differences, conflicts and ways of working together with and across racial differences.
The course also considers how other aspects of identity such as gender, sexual
orientation, social class and religion intersect with racial identity. |
|
LAS
110 -Gay
Men, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender & Heterosexual introduces students to the history, concepts, beliefs, and impact
of sexual orientation in the United States. Students have the the opportunity to
explore their own identities and examine issues of similarities, differences, conflicts,
and community building. (There is no "straight-bashing" in this course.) |
|
LAS
110 - Exploring Asian American
Identities
Students will be
introduced to different concepts and meanings of Asian American
identities within the United States, and explore issues related to Asian
American ethnic and racial identity development, pan-Asian American
identity, and identity politics. Students will have an opportunity to
personally explore, understand, and describe Asian American identities
and how those identities have changed over time. The focus of the course
is on both pan-Asian American identities and intra-ethnic Asian
identities and implications of those identities for group definition,
personal and community identities, and culture. Students will examine
the experiences of Asian Americans of various ethnic and cultural
backgrounds, and discuss the influences of generation, gender, sexual
orientation, and socioeconomic class. |
|
LAS
110 - Latinas
& Black Women is a dialogue
course designed to provide an opportunity for Latina and Black women to explore their own
cultural identities and explore issues of commonalities, differences, conflicts and
strategies for building principled alliances. |
|
LAS
110 -Building Bridges: Women of Color & White Women Dialogue
course will address issues of privilege, body image, women's
mentoring relationships, and work/career in the United States. Students will examine and
respond to narratives, historical and sociological materials which address a variety of
experiences. Pertinent issues of race, ethnicity, culture, social class, and identity will
be discussed. Dialogue about issues of conflict, commonalities, and differences will be
designed to build bridges across the perspectives of course participants |
|
First-Year
Impact: Introduction to Diversity (Sections
1 & 2 is a foundational course for first-year students that introduces them to a broad
array of diversity issues through discussion, readings from different fields,
documentaries, and experiential activities. It provides students with a place
to explore and share their own cultural backgrounds; to talk about issues that affect them
on this campus (as a woman or a man, as a religious or non-religious person, as a gay or
straight person, as a white person or a person of color or a multi-racial person, as a
person with disabilities or without); to address issues of oppression; and to begin to
identify ways of community building. The class structure offers a respectful and safe
environment for all participants. This
course is not offered for credit. |
|
|
|
Fall
1998 |
|
LAS 110
- Exploring Social
Class introduces students to the concept of social class and to an
exploration of the meaning of social class in the United States. Students have the
opportunity for personal exploration, to understand how different class statuses have
impacted people in the United States, and to address similarities, differences, and
conflicts. |
|
LAS 110
-
Exploring White Identities introduces students to the different
aspects of the white experience by exploring the histories, social contexts, ethnic and
class backgrounds, and ideas that have shaped white people in the United States.
Students have the opportunity to explore their own heritage, what it means to be white,
and how racism fits in with being white. |
|
LAS 110
- Women and Men explores differences, similarities, and conflicts
between men and women. Students have the opportunity for personal
exploration, to develop a better understanding of where the other group is coming
from, and to examine various historical and current perspectives on gender. (There is
no "male-bashing" in this course.) |
|
|
|
Spring
1998 |
|
First-Year Impact
(no credit) This foundational course introduced students to a broad array of
diversity issues through discussion, readings from different fields, documentaries,
and experiential activities. It provided students with a place to explore and
share their own culture or cultures, to talk about issues that affected them on this
campus-- as a woman or a man, as a religious or non-religious person, as a gay or straight
person, as a white person or a person of color or a bi-racial person, as a person with
disabilities or without. The class was structured to offer a respectful and safe
environment for all students. |
|
Building Bridges:
Intergroup Women's Dialogue (one credit-- co-sponsored with Unit One/Allen
Hall) This class was structured as a dialogue group for women from diverse
backgrounds. It explored issues of race, ethnicity, privilege, body image, and
work/career in American Life. Discussion is around commonalities, differences,
and conflicts to build bridges between groups. Students examined narrative,
historical and sociological materials that addressed the different groups experiences
within the U.S. context. They also examined pertinent issues they faced on campus. |
|
|
|
Spring
1997 |
|
First-Year Impact (5 week pilot course: no
credit) This foundational course introduced students to a broad array of
diversity issues through discussion, readings from different fields, documentaries,
and experiential activities. It provided students with a place to explore and
share their own culture or cultures, to talk about issues that affected them on this
campus-- as a woman or a man, as a religious or non-religious person, as a gay or straight
person, as a white person or a person of color or a bi-racial person, as a person with
disabilities or without. The class was structured to offer a respectful and safe
environment for all students. |
|
|
|
Fall
1996 |
|
Building Bridges
through Intergroup Dialogue ( one credit-- co-sponsored with Unit One/Allen
Hall) This course was a dialogue group between white people and people of
color. Issues of race and ethnicity were a central focus. Course objectives
included introducing students to literature on race and ethnicity in the United States,
creating an environment where students could engage in open and constructive dialogue,
learning, and exploration, and could actively identify possible resolutions of intergroup
conflict. |